Unit 2- River Valley Civilizations
Unit 2- River Valley Civilizations
Yellow River
-chinese settled first on the Haung/Yellow River
-Farmer’s were growing grain from rich soil
-Egyptians and chinese learned how to control river floods
-fertile crescent is called this because it grows good crops, and the area between the rivers is shaped like a crescent moon
Tigris- Euphrates
-semitic invaders went to the fertile crescent
-Red sea
-Persian Gulf
-Summerians built with marsh reeds and river mud
-townss had houses made of clay
-canalled the water
-Mesopotamia=country name
-Sumerian/Babylon=Culture name
Indus
-Indian civilization (earliest) settled on the indus
- Challenged with climate and topography
-made of clay (house)
-35,000 people living
-Topography= the way the land is laid out (jungle, swamp, desert, mountains)
-summer monsoon
-winds in deccan Plateau
-winds came from the Arabian Sea
-Bay of Bengal
-Monsoon seasons determined what and how the Indus people will use their resources
Nile
-god who guides
-giving life to animals
-give Egypt life
-polytheistic
Mesopotamia
⚈ Geography :
The area is shaped like a crescent moon.
⚈Disadvantages:
flooding was unpredictable,
-small religion,
-resources were limited,
-hot sun,
-defensless, l
-ittle rain fell.
⚈Solutions they developed:
dug irrigation ditches for water,
-bricks for defense,
-traded with people for resources
⚈How was Sumer different from other societies:
-advanced cities
-specialized workers
-complex institutions
-record keeping
-advanced technology.
⚈Cultural Diffusion:
-spreading from one country to another
-it helps new ideas
⚈Religion:
Polytheism. Good gods brought good things and Bad gods brought bad things
⚈Science and Technology:
- wheel
-sail
- plow
- used bronze
- writing system
- maps
-360 degrees (60=1 minute)
Social Pyramid:
1. Priests/ Kings
2. Wealthy Merchants
3. Slaves
Code of Hammurabi:
-Eye for an Eye
Ancient Egypt:
Egyptian TImeline:
Old Kingdom:(2700-2150)
-Hieroglyphics and religion develope in Egypt
-Pyramids built
Middle Kingdom: (2040-1786)
- extension on Egyptian control into Nubia
New Kingdom: (1570-1075)
-militaristic- Hebrews enslaved
-Mummification perfected
1. Geography
-Nile River dominates Egyptian world/thought
-Surrounded by desert with occasional oasis
-permits some trade
- Denfense from invasion
-Contributes to feeling of safety
-preserves artifacts
The Nile:
-yearly flooding
-predictable
- required adaptations
-encourages trade
- Communications
- Political Unity
Religion:
-Polytheistic
-Over 2000 gods
-Pharaoh is a living god
-Afterlife
-takes over the daily life
Osiris:
-God of the Dead--”rebirth”
-Evolution of Egyptian mythology
-known as a ruler in the Nile Delta
Horus:
-god of balance and harmony
-maintained the natural order:the flow of the Nile and the fertility of the soil
Pyramids:
-Mummies were buried in there
-with their riches and whatever else they wanted to be buried with.
Mummies:
-Not known when it started in Egypt
-Perfected by the time of New Kingdom
-Canopic Jars stored the Heart, Stomach, Intestines and Liver
-Inner Coffin and Outer Coffin
-Funerary Gifts:
-Shawabti Box
-Model boat
-Slaves
Pharoahs:
-God-King unlike Mesopotamia
-direct descendant of the Sun God
-controls access to the afterlife
- 635 day calendar
-Ramses the second
- Khufu
Daily Life in Egypt:
-Cleanliness
-cosmetics
- bathed 3 times a day
-main food is water and bread
-Most common job is farming
Hieroglyphics:
- Language is written without vowels
- Rosetta Stone, was the tablet that had all the translations
Social Pyramd:
Yellow River
-chinese settled first on the Haung/Yellow River
-Farmer’s were growing grain from rich soil
-Egyptians and chinese learned how to control river floods
-fertile crescent is called this because it grows good crops, and the area between the rivers is shaped like a crescent moon
Tigris- Euphrates
-semitic invaders went to the fertile crescent
-Red sea
-Persian Gulf
-Summerians built with marsh reeds and river mud
-townss had houses made of clay
-canalled the water
-Mesopotamia=country name
-Sumerian/Babylon=Culture name
Indus
-Indian civilization (earliest) settled on the indus
- Challenged with climate and topography
-made of clay (house)
-35,000 people living
-Topography= the way the land is laid out (jungle, swamp, desert, mountains)
-summer monsoon
-winds in deccan Plateau
-winds came from the Arabian Sea
-Bay of Bengal
-Monsoon seasons determined what and how the Indus people will use their resources
Nile
-god who guides
-giving life to animals
-give Egypt life
-polytheistic
Mesopotamia
⚈ Geography :
The area is shaped like a crescent moon.
⚈Disadvantages:
flooding was unpredictable,
-small religion,
-resources were limited,
-hot sun,
-defensless, l
-ittle rain fell.
⚈Solutions they developed:
dug irrigation ditches for water,
-bricks for defense,
-traded with people for resources
⚈How was Sumer different from other societies:
-advanced cities
-specialized workers
-complex institutions
-record keeping
-advanced technology.
⚈Cultural Diffusion:
-spreading from one country to another
-it helps new ideas
⚈Religion:
Polytheism. Good gods brought good things and Bad gods brought bad things
⚈Science and Technology:
- wheel
-sail
- plow
- used bronze
- writing system
- maps
-360 degrees (60=1 minute)
Social Pyramid:
1. Priests/ Kings
2. Wealthy Merchants
3. Slaves
Code of Hammurabi:
-Eye for an Eye
Ancient Egypt:
Egyptian TImeline:
Old Kingdom:(2700-2150)
-Hieroglyphics and religion develope in Egypt
-Pyramids built
Middle Kingdom: (2040-1786)
- extension on Egyptian control into Nubia
New Kingdom: (1570-1075)
-militaristic- Hebrews enslaved
-Mummification perfected
1. Geography
-Nile River dominates Egyptian world/thought
-Surrounded by desert with occasional oasis
-permits some trade
- Denfense from invasion
-Contributes to feeling of safety
-preserves artifacts
The Nile:
-yearly flooding
-predictable
- required adaptations
-encourages trade
- Communications
- Political Unity
Religion:
-Polytheistic
-Over 2000 gods
-Pharaoh is a living god
-Afterlife
-takes over the daily life
Osiris:
-God of the Dead--”rebirth”
-Evolution of Egyptian mythology
-known as a ruler in the Nile Delta
Horus:
-god of balance and harmony
-maintained the natural order:the flow of the Nile and the fertility of the soil
Pyramids:
-Mummies were buried in there
-with their riches and whatever else they wanted to be buried with.
Mummies:
-Not known when it started in Egypt
-Perfected by the time of New Kingdom
-Canopic Jars stored the Heart, Stomach, Intestines and Liver
-Inner Coffin and Outer Coffin
-Funerary Gifts:
-Shawabti Box
-Model boat
-Slaves
Pharoahs:
-God-King unlike Mesopotamia
-direct descendant of the Sun God
-controls access to the afterlife
- 635 day calendar
-Ramses the second
- Khufu
Daily Life in Egypt:
-Cleanliness
-cosmetics
- bathed 3 times a day
-main food is water and bread
-Most common job is farming
Hieroglyphics:
- Language is written without vowels
- Rosetta Stone, was the tablet that had all the translations
Social Pyramd:
China
Geography:
To the east is the Pacific Ocean
To the West is the Takliman Desert
70% of the land is farming
Challenges:
The river floded whole villages
Social Class:
was warriors and Nobles all lead by the king.
Believed in the spirits of their ancestors
Religions:
Conficianism, Daoism, and Legalism
Writing:
Pictographs
Feudalism:
Nobles and Lords are guarenteed the land that belong to the king.
Shang Dynasty:
Social Pyramid:
1. Nobles
2. Craftspeople
3. Farmers
4. Slaves
City Life:
Believed in human sacrificies
palace, temples
Religion:
Life after death
End of the Shang:
Wars
spending
Han Dynasty
Government:
Emporer that ruled the land
Inventions:
Pestle and Motor
Gilgamesh was a made up character who was described to be the best person in the entire world in folk tales
Geography:
To the east is the Pacific Ocean
To the West is the Takliman Desert
70% of the land is farming
Challenges:
The river floded whole villages
Social Class:
was warriors and Nobles all lead by the king.
Believed in the spirits of their ancestors
Religions:
Conficianism, Daoism, and Legalism
Writing:
Pictographs
Feudalism:
Nobles and Lords are guarenteed the land that belong to the king.
Shang Dynasty:
Social Pyramid:
1. Nobles
2. Craftspeople
3. Farmers
4. Slaves
City Life:
Believed in human sacrificies
palace, temples
Religion:
Life after death
End of the Shang:
Wars
spending
Han Dynasty
Government:
Emporer that ruled the land
Inventions:
Pestle and Motor
Gilgamesh was a made up character who was described to be the best person in the entire world in folk tales