Unit 9- Absolutism to Enlightenment
Absolutism- A government with 1 ruler with total power
Enlightenment- A time period in history where there was a change in outlook of many educated Europeans
Social Contract- An agreement in which people give up certain powers in return for the benefits of government
Natural Rights- Rights that belong to people simply because they are human beings (L.L.P.)
Enlightenment- A time period in history where there was a change in outlook of many educated Europeans
Social Contract- An agreement in which people give up certain powers in return for the benefits of government
Natural Rights- Rights that belong to people simply because they are human beings (L.L.P.)
Important Facts about Absolutism leaders:
- Kings no longer wanted advice, they were power thirsty.
- The King was a representative of God on Earth in the citizens eyes.
- If the King was obeyed, God was obeyed.
- The king could do no wrong (because we was God on Earth)
- The King was a representative of God on Earth in the citizens eyes.
- If the King was obeyed, God was obeyed.
- The king could do no wrong (because we was God on Earth)
Characteristics:
- Title was inherited
- King/Queen controls:
- All decision making
- Law making body
- All foreign affairs
- People have no voice
- King/Queen controls:
- All decision making
- Law making body
- All foreign affairs
- People have no voice
Leaders: (4 Major Important)
- France- Louis XIV 1643:
-Known for:
- "I am the state"
- Sun King (Nickname)
- Lavish lifestyle (20 palaces, fancy,etc)
- "I am the state"
- Sun King (Nickname)
- Lavish lifestyle (20 palaces, fancy,etc)
Impact:
- Makes France the most powerful country in Europe
- Expanded Franc's borders
- France was put in debt (250 Million in 1715)
- Expanded Franc's borders
- France was put in debt (250 Million in 1715)
- Peter the Great I 1696-1725:
- Westernized Europe
- traveled to the west to observe and learn
- Improved technology
- Modernized culture and education systems
- Russian Expansion
- Strengthened military
- Built St. Petersburg
- traveled to the west to observe and learn
- Improved technology
- Modernized culture and education systems
- Russian Expansion
- Strengthened military
- Built St. Petersburg
Impact:
- Increased power of Russia
- Advanced the Role of Women
- Destroyed many Russian traditions in order to be modernized
- Advanced the Role of Women
- Destroyed many Russian traditions in order to be modernized
Catherine the Great 1762- 1996: Russia:
- Religious toleration
- Reorganized laws
- Reorganized laws
- Began state sponsored (public school) for boys and girls
- Reorganized laws
- Reorganized laws
- Began state sponsored (public school) for boys and girls
Queen Elizabeth I 1558-1603:
- Kept parliament on her side
- Stabalized the naton and expanded British territory
- Died without an heir (passed on to her cousin)
- She was loved by citizens
- Stabalized the naton and expanded British territory
- Died without an heir (passed on to her cousin)
- She was loved by citizens
Enlightenment:
Thomas Hobbes:
- Born in 1588 in England
- Beliefs
-”absolute rule of kings”
-Governments are established to protect people from their natural selfishness
- Beliefs
-”absolute rule of kings”
-Governments are established to protect people from their natural selfishness
John Rousseau:
- Born in France
- Basic Beliefs:
- “Man is born free, yet everywhere he is in chains”
- Social Contract- government gets its power from relationship with its people
- If government fails then the people
- Basic Beliefs:
- “Man is born free, yet everywhere he is in chains”
- Social Contract- government gets its power from relationship with its people
- If government fails then the people
John Locke:
- Born in England in 1622
- Basic Beliefs:
- A constitutional monarchy with limited power
- Natural Rights: rights we are born with such as life, liberty and pursuit of happiness
- Basic Beliefs:
- A constitutional monarchy with limited power
- Natural Rights: rights we are born with such as life, liberty and pursuit of happiness
Baron de Montesquieu:
- Born in France in 1689
- Basic Beliefs:
- Seperation of powers divided into branches of govenment
- Limiting power so no tyranny would develop
- Basic Beliefs:
- Seperation of powers divided into branches of govenment
- Limiting power so no tyranny would develop
Voltaire:
- Born in France in 1694
- Basic Beliefs:
- Religious tolerance
- Free Speach~ “ I dissaprove of what you say, but I defend to the death you’re right to say it.”
- Basic Beliefs:
- Religious tolerance
- Free Speach~ “ I dissaprove of what you say, but I defend to the death you’re right to say it.”
Cesare Beccaria
- Born in Italy in 1738
- Basic Beliefs:
- Pioneer of criminology
- Protect the right of the accused
- Punishmetn should fit the crime
- Basic Beliefs:
- Pioneer of criminology
- Protect the right of the accused
- Punishmetn should fit the crime